What was Thailand called before? This question often piques the curiosity of many, especially those interested in the rich history and cultural heritage of Southeast Asia. Thailand, known today as the “Land of Smiles,” has undergone various names and titles throughout its long and storied past. Understanding these names can provide valuable insights into the country’s historical context and its evolving identity. Let’s delve into the fascinating history behind the name “Thailand.”
Thailand’s historical name can be traced back to the 13th century when it was known as the Kingdom of Sukhothai. The name “Sukhothai” is derived from the Sanskrit word “Sukhumati,” meaning “auspicious” or “auspiciousness.” This name reflects the early kingdom’s prosperous era and its significance in the region. The Kingdom of Sukhothai was a powerful state that united various Thai-speaking principalities and played a crucial role in shaping the cultural and religious landscape of Southeast Asia.
After the decline of the Kingdom of Sukhothai, Thailand transitioned to the Ayutthaya period, which lasted from the 14th to the 18th centuries. During this time, the region was known as the Kingdom of Ayutthaya. The name “Ayutthaya” is believed to be derived from the Sanskrit word “Ayodhya,” the birthplace of Lord Rama in the epic Ramayana. The Ayutthaya period was marked by the construction of magnificent temples, such as Wat Phra Si Sanphet, and the establishment of a strong central administration.
Following the fall of Ayutthaya, Thailand entered the Bangkok period, which began in 1767. Before this time, the region was known as the Kingdom of Thonburi. However, the new ruler, King Taksin, chose to move the capital to Bangkok, which was then known as Krung Thep, meaning “City of Angels.” King Taksin’s decision to rename the capital reflected his desire to elevate the status of the city and to signify its importance as the new center of power.
In 1939, the country underwent another significant name change. The name “Siam” was officially changed to “Thailand,” which means “Land of the Free.” This change was influenced by the desire to promote the idea of Thai nationalism and to distance the country from its colonial past. The name “Siam” was a European mispronunciation of the word “Siamese,” which referred to the people of the region. By adopting the name “Thailand,” the country aimed to assert its independence and to emphasize its unique identity.
In conclusion, what was Thailand called before has evolved through various names that reflect its rich history and cultural heritage. From the Kingdom of Sukhothai to the Kingdom of Ayutthaya, and finally to the Kingdom of Thailand, the country’s identity has been shaped by its interactions with neighboring regions and its own internal developments. Understanding these names allows us to appreciate the complexity of Thailand’s past and the resilience of its people in the face of change.
