What was China called before? This question often piques the curiosity of those who are fascinated by the rich history and cultural heritage of this ancient civilization. Throughout its long and storied past, China has been known by various names, reflecting its diverse historical periods and the evolving perceptions of the outside world. Understanding these names can provide valuable insights into the historical context and the development of Chinese society.
China, as we know it today, is a vast country located in East Asia, with a population of over 1.4 billion people. However, its name has undergone several transformations over the centuries. One of the earliest known names for the region that is now China is “Zhongguo,” which translates to “Middle Kingdom.” This term was used by ancient Chinese people to describe their own land, emphasizing its central position in the world according to their cosmological beliefs.
Before the unification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC, the country was divided into numerous states and regions, each with its own name. For instance, the Shang Dynasty, which ruled from 1600 to 1046 BC, was known as “Shangguo” or “Shang Country.” Similarly, the Zhou Dynasty, which succeeded the Shang, was referred to as “Zhoushi” or “Zhou State.”
Another ancient name for China is “Hua Xia,” which means “Cultural Central Plains.” This term was used to describe the region inhabited by the Han Chinese, who are considered the main ethnic group in modern China. The “Hua Xia” concept was further developed during the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046–771 BC) and became a symbol of Chinese civilization.
During the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), China began to expand its influence and territory, leading to the adoption of the name “Han” by the Chinese people. This name was derived from the Han Dynasty and became synonymous with the Chinese nation. The term “Han” is still used today to refer to the Han Chinese, the largest ethnic group in China.
Throughout history, various foreign powers and traders also had their own names for China. The Romans referred to it as “Seres,” while the Arabs called it “China” or “Cin.” The Persians knew it as “Chin,” and the Greeks called it “Sin.” These names were derived from the Chinese word “Qin,” which was the name of the first dynasty to unify China.
In conclusion, the name “China” has evolved over time, reflecting the country’s complex history and the changing perceptions of its people and the outside world. From the ancient “Middle Kingdom” to the modern “Han,” the name China has been a symbol of cultural identity, unity, and strength. Understanding the various names used to describe China can provide a deeper appreciation for its rich heritage and the journey it has undertaken throughout the ages.
