Which statement correctly compares synthesis and decomposition reactions?
Synthesis and decomposition reactions are two fundamental types of chemical reactions that play a crucial role in various scientific fields. Understanding the differences and similarities between these reactions is essential for comprehending the principles of chemistry. This article aims to explore which statement accurately compares synthesis and decomposition reactions, highlighting their characteristics and applications.
Synthesis reactions, also known as combination reactions, involve the combination of two or more substances to form a single product. In these reactions, the reactants are usually elements or simple compounds, and the product is a more complex compound. The general form of a synthesis reaction can be represented as:
A + B → AB
For example, when hydrogen gas (H2) reacts with oxygen gas (O2), water (H2O) is formed:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
On the other hand, decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a single compound into two or more simpler substances. These reactions are the opposite of synthesis reactions, as they break down a complex substance into simpler ones. The general form of a decomposition reaction can be represented as:
AB → A + B
For instance, when calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is heated, it decomposes into calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2):
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Now, let’s evaluate the given statements to determine which one correctly compares synthesis and decomposition reactions:
1. Synthesis reactions involve the combination of two or more substances to form a single product, while decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a single compound into two or more simpler substances.
2. Synthesis reactions are always exothermic, while decomposition reactions are always endothermic.
3. Synthesis reactions are characterized by a decrease in the number of moles of reactants, while decomposition reactions are characterized by an increase in the number of moles of products.
4. Synthesis reactions are commonly used in the production of new materials, while decomposition reactions are commonly used in the purification of substances.
The correct statement that compares synthesis and decomposition reactions is:
1. Synthesis reactions involve the combination of two or more substances to form a single product, while decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a single compound into two or more simpler substances.
This statement accurately describes the fundamental difference between synthesis and decomposition reactions, emphasizing the process of combining and breaking down substances, respectively. Understanding these reactions is vital for various applications in chemistry, such as material synthesis, energy production, and environmental processes.
