What does the Quran say about inheritance? The Quran, the holy book of Islam, provides comprehensive guidance on various aspects of life, including inheritance. It outlines the principles and rules that govern the distribution of wealth and property among family members after the death of an individual. Understanding these teachings is crucial for Muslims to ensure that the inheritance process is conducted in accordance with Islamic law and ethical values.
The Quran addresses inheritance in several verses, primarily in Surah An-Nisa, which is considered one of the most significant chapters concerning inheritance laws. According to Islamic inheritance laws, known as “Shariah,” the Quran divides the estate of the deceased into specific shares for different family members.
First and foremost, the Quran emphasizes the importance of justice and fairness in the distribution of inheritance. In Surah An-Nisa, verse 7 states, “O you who believe! You are forbidden to inherit women against their will. Nor should you treat them with harshness, that you may take away part of what you have given them, unless they commit a clear fault.” This verse highlights the principle of equality and respect for women in inheritance matters.
The Quran specifies the shares of inheritance for different family members. According to Surah An-Nisa, verse 11, the following shares are designated for the heirs:
– The surviving spouse receives one-eighth of the estate if there are no children or descendants.
– If there are children, the surviving spouse receives one-eighth of the estate if the deceased left behind no other children or descendants.
– The children of the deceased inherit two-thirds of the estate if there is no surviving spouse or children from a previous marriage.
– The parents of the deceased inherit one-third of the estate if there is no surviving spouse, children, or descendants.
Additionally, the Quran addresses the inheritance rights of other family members, such as siblings, aunts, uncles, and grandparents. Surah An-Nisa, verse 12, states, “The father’s share is one-third, if he leaves behind no children, nor a parent; the mother’s share is one-sixth, if she leaves behind no children, nor a parent, nor a brother or sister.” These verses ensure that the inheritance is distributed fairly among all eligible family members.
The Quran also emphasizes the importance of fulfilling the deceased’s obligations and debts before distributing the inheritance. Surah An-Nisa, verse 6, states, “If the deceased leaves behind a child, he shall inherit the whole estate if he dies as a child, or the mother if she dies as a child, or if both die as children.” This verse highlights the responsibility of the inheritors to fulfill the deceased’s financial obligations.
In conclusion, the Quran provides clear guidance on inheritance, emphasizing justice, fairness, and respect for family members. By adhering to these teachings, Muslims can ensure that the inheritance process is conducted in accordance with Islamic principles. Understanding the Quran’s teachings on inheritance is not only crucial for legal and financial reasons but also for upholding the values of respect, compassion, and unity within the family.
